abstract：:Surveillance-containment units were established in 1969 in four States of Brazil as part of the national smallpox eradication programme. Their responsibilities included both the investigation of reported cases and the control of outbreaks, and the further extension and development of the reporting network. Altogether,...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： De Quadros CC,Morris L,Da Costa EA,Arnt N,Tigre CH

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiotepa and its oxygen analogue tepa, used to chemosterilize males of Culex pipiens fatigans for genetic control purposes, are toxic and mutagenic. An investigation showed that adult mosquitos that had been treated as pupae showed no detectable chemosterilant in their tissue 24 hours after emergence from the pupal st...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Labrecque GC,Bowman MC,Patterson RS,Seawright JA

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metrifonate, an organophosphorus compound, caused a decline in the number of microfilariae in domestic cats experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. It was found that the drug was active against both microfilariae and macrofilariae, but probably its greatest effect was on the macrofilarial stages. It is suggested ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Denham DA,Ponnudurai T,Nelson GS,Guy F,Rogers R

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The administration of rabies-immune serum in addition to regular vaccination has been recommended as routine treatment in man after severe exposure to rabies virus. The inhibitory effect of passive antibody on active immunity induced against rabies by vaccination was investigated in rabbits. It was demonstrated that a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Wiktor TJ,Lerner RA,Koprowski H

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of flea control on the prevalence of (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, were studied in San Mateo County, California, USA. In this area, which had shown antibody prevalence rates of 50% or more during epizootics in previous years, continuous flea control meas...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kartman L,Hudson BW

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations of experimental schistosomiasis haematobia have suffered for want of satisfactory mammals in which schistosome infections would establish host-parasite situations more or less comparable with those seen in man. As a consequence, mammals representing different major groups have been exposed to infection ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kuntz RE,Myers BJ,Cheever AW

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult male volunteers were orally vaccinated with two "killed" antityphoid preparations. The recommended doses of both vaccines resulted in serum antibody development in only a few of the subjects. When the dose of the monovalent preparation (Taboral) was doubled, serological responses occurred more frequently, with a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dupont HL,Hornick RB,Snyder MJ,Dawkins AT,Heiner GG,Woodward TE

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of child growth have become the most accepted means of assessing the protein-calorie nutritional status of economically developing populations. International reference standards have been suggested for a number of body measurements, but there has been little evaluation of their applicability in South-East...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： McKay DA,Lim RK,Notaney KH,Dugdale AE

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The systematic position of the so-called "species" of Leishmania is examined and an attempt made to determine their phylogenetic relationships. The morphology of the organisms as seen by light- and electron-microscopy is described; neither method provides useful criteria for the determination of species. The behaviour...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Garnham PC

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The insecticidal activity of synthetic pyrethroids was compared with that of the natural pyrethrins, which have been used on a world-wide scale as active ingredients for insecticidal aerosols or mosquito coils.All of the synthetic pyrethroids were found to be more stable than the pyrethrins. Tetramethrin showed a very...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nishizawa Y

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a need for more detailed information on the relative merits of the culture and direct sputum smear examination methods, separately and in various combinations, using one or more sputum specimens. The efficiency and relative cost of different bacteriological measures for the detection of cases of pulmonary tub...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Chan W,Chia M,Lee LK,Macfadyen DM

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds in man are in accord with, initially, the stimulation and, later, the blocking of cholinergic transmission due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The manifestations involve mainly the para-sympathetic nerves, the neuromuscular junctions, and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Namba T

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute toxicity of most of the commonly used organophosphorus insecticides is essentially the same. A few compounds with low toxicity, such as malathion, have been developed but further efforts in that direction are needed. Most of the organophosphorus insecticides exert a generalized cholinergic action by inhibiti...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： DuBois KP

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examination of large numbers of strains of meningococci associated with systemic disease in US Army personnel over a 7-year period has shown a changing pattern of sero-group prevalence and an increasing proportion of sulfadiazine-resistant organisms. These findings underline the failure of sulfadiazine prophylaxis and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Artenstein MS,Schneider H,Tingley MD

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A possible method for genetic control of insect vector species involves the use of translocation heterozygotes. The potential of single and double heterozygotes already available in Aedes aegypti has been investigated with computer simulations of release strategies. Such simulations indicate a possible role for transl...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： McDonald PT,Rai KS

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of BCG vaccine in the prevention of leprosy has been one of the most important subjects of investigation in the field of leprology in the last 25 years. The action of the vaccine was for many years investigated by determining its effect on the lepromin reaction. Field studies were later considered essential to...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bechelli LM,Garbajosa G,Uemura K,Engler V,Martínez Domínguez V,Paredes L,Sundaresan T,Koch G,Matejka M

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several authors have reported an inverse correlation between death rates from cardiovascular diseases and local water hardness, but the significance of such a relationship is still debated. To investigate further this relationship, another indicator of water quality was used, namely, the alpha-radioactivity level of r...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Masironi R

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agglutinating antibodies produced in an adult rabbit in response to intravenous injections of live Leptospira sp. (serotype biflexa, strain Waz), consisted of a 19S component (present at day 6 after inoculation) and a 7S component (present at day 6 after inoculation). Both 19S and 7S antibodies persisted in the serum ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Graves S,Faine S

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemagglutination (HA) has been used frequently for the titration of tetanus antitoxin but published results have varied in relation to the "unitage" determined by the mouse toxin-neutralization test (TN). This report gives the results of the titration of a group of sera by haemagglutination and compares them with the...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hardegree MC,Barile MF,Pittman M,Maloney CJ,Schofield F,Maclennan R

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among 1109 patients with bacteriologically confirmed El Tor cholera admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, in 1969, 11 patients continued to excrete vibrios of the same biotype and serotype in stools for more than 1 week in spite of antibiotic treatment.The strains isolated from these patients all belonged to th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kobari K,Takakura I,Nakatomi M,Sogame S,Uylangco C

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was undertaken in Bangalore City, India, to find out whether people with chest symptoms, including tuberculosis patients, attend general health institutions or report directly to tuberculosis clinics. The attendance for one day at 19 general dispensaries was investigated. Of the total of 2506 eligible persons ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gothi GD,Savić D,Baily GV,Samuel R

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sera were collected from 320 shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus) nesting on two islands off the east coast of northern Australia in December 1969. About 10% of these sera specifically inhibited the neuraminidase of the 1957 strain of human influenza (A2/Asian/57), some to high titre.The neuraminidase of A2...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dasen CA,Laver WG

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that when mice and monkeys are infected with bovine schistosomes they develop a considerable degree of heterologous immunity against subsequent challenge with Schistosoma mansoni. The present report describes a study on the reverse effect in which calves were first exposed to cercariae of S...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hussein MF,Saeed AA,Nelson GS

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The choice of a specific and pure antigen is one of the many problems in the serodiagnosis of amoebic infection. Microbial associates in amoebic cultures have often given rise to confusing results in these tests. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites grown axenically provide a useful source of antigen but the axenic medi...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Yap EH,Zaman V,Aw SE

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were given an intramuscular injection of a single 80 mg/kg dose of randomly tritiated hycanthone. The uptake of the drug in male and female worms, as well as its concentration in the red blood cells and plasma of the mice, was followed for a period of 24 hours.Blood and plasma dr...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Yarinsky A,Hernandez P,Dennis EW

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination of pre-school children in the 1-7-years age-group for the specific prophylaxis of mumps and rubella is often difficult to arrange because of the already large number of inoculations given to these children. Combined vaccines to protect against measles, mumps and rubella should therefore be a valuable devel...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Smorodintsev AA,Nasibov MN,Jakovleva NV

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In laboratory experiments sterile males produced by crossing member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex competed very successfully with normal males for normal females and the latter when mated with sterile males laid sterile eggs.A field trial was arranged in a small isolated village near Bobo-Dioulasso, Upper V...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Davidson G,Odetoyinbo JA,Colussa B,Coz J

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until about 10 years ago heparin was prepared from ox lungs and was regarded as a homogeneous polymer (of a sulfated mucopolysaccharide) with a relatively constant biological activity of about 100 IU/mg. The mucus and mucosa of the intestine of hog, sheep and ox have now become the main industrial source of bulk start...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bangham DR,Woodward PM

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ultrastructure of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica cultivated in vitro on artificial media is described from electron-microscope studies made by the authors and from other published accounts. The authors point out that the description does not present a complete picture of the trophozoite of this species o...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ludvík J,Shipstone AC

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four cases of Plasmodium ovale malaria are reported among US servicemen stationed in Viet-Nam between January 1966 and March 1969. Taken together with other cases cited by the authors, these provide strong evidence of the existence (sometimes disputed) of this Plasmodium in continental South-East Asia.None of the men ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gleason NN,Fisher GU,Blumhardt R,Roth AE,Gaffney GW

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dracontiasis is one of the most easily preventable of the tropical parasitic diseases, yet in India the infection is still present in large numbers of people and causes extreme degrees of morbidity and incapacitation.The 10 000 inhabitants of 4 villages in South India were interviewed and the prevalence of guinea-worm...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Reddy CR,Narasaiah IL,Parvathi G

更新日期：1969-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Light-traps have been used successfully as mechanical sampling tools for insects of agricultural importance but medical entomologists have had only limited success because of the assumption that light-traps would attract vectors, even when sited in open fields well away from hosts. The investigations reported in this ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Odetoyinbo JA

更新日期：1969-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smallpox vaccinations were performed in a well-vaccinated prison population by multiple-pressure technique and by intradermal jet injection using serial dilutions of vaccine. A total of 140 subjects were divided into groups, and each group was vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique or by jet injection using 1 o...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Neff JM,Millar JD,Roberto RR,Wulff H

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental studies in mice have provided evidence that antibody specific for viral neuraminidase markedly inhibits influenza virus replication in the lungs of animals challenged with virus containing homologous neuraminidase. In contrast to antihaemagglutinin antibody, antineuraminidase antibody does not increase re...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Schulman JL

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Smorodincev AA

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An attempt was made to assess the protective influence of killed intranasal influenza B vaccine against a homologous virus challenge. Two types of trial were performed. In the first of these, the vaccine was compared with an inert placebo and, in the second, with conventional homologous and heterologous parenteral vac...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Beare AS,Hobson D,Reed SE,Tyrrell DA

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The magnitude of antigenic change of the Hong Kong strains from the earlier influenza A2 strains was compared with previous antigenic changes among the type A viruses. Representative type A strains recovered from man during the years 1933 through 1969 were examined by reciprocal haemagglutination-inhibition, neutraliz...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dowdle WR,Coleman MT,Hall EC,Knez V

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An extensive outbreak of Hong Kong influenza occurred in the USA during the autumn and early winter of 1968-69. Introduction and seeding of the virus occurred in September and early October as individuals returned from the Far East. Civilian outbreaks did not develop until late October and November. By 28 December, al...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sharrar RG

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nation-wide tuberculosis prevalence surveys were conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1953, 1958 and 1963, using the stratified random sampling method. Follow-up surveys were made on one-third of the areas surveyed in the previous year in 1954, 1959 and 1964. In this paper the results of surveys...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Wakamatsu E,Oka H,Kumabe H,Kobayashi A

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The haemagglutination-inhibition test has been used to assess the frequency of arbovirus infections in the population of Ceylon, by age-group, and also in some animals. The antigens used were: chikungunya, JE, dengue 1, 2, 3, 4, and Tahyna.The percentage of positive reactors to the group-B viruses ranged from 16.3% to...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Vesenjak-Hirjan J,Hermon Y,Vitarana T

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00